At the beginning of January 1606 arrived to Kraków Jan Buczynski, secretary of tsar False Dmitry I of Russia, with the mission to acquire jewels for his patron. Several merchants from Kraków and Lviv, as well as jewellers Mikołaj Siedmiradzki and Giovanni Ambrogio Cellari from Milan, encouraged by the prospect of a large gain, embarked on a journey to Moscow. 

Princess Anna Vasa (1568-1625) who owned a collection of jewels valued by some at 200,000 thalers, decided also to secretly sell to the tsar a part of it. Stanisław Niemojewski (ca. 1560-1620) of Rola coat of arms, Crown Deputy Master of the Pantry, was appointed to deliver jewels worth of 70,000 zlotys "wrapped in colourful silk" in an iron casked "painted in green". False Dmitry was killed on May 17th, 1606 and it was not as early as 1609 when the collection was returned by the new tsar Vasiliy Ivanovich Shuisky. Among jewels returned was "eagle with two diamond heads with rubies", most probably from princess' collection or pawned with Niemojewski from the State Treasury before 1599. 

Such hereldic jewels, either Imperial-Austrian or Polish, were undobtedly in possesion of different queens and princesses of Poland since at least 1543, when Elizabeth of Austria (1526-1545) was presented with a "diamond eagle with rubies" by emperor Charles V on the occasion of her marriage with king Sigismund II Augustus of Poland. Inventory of the jewels of Polish princess Anna Catherine Constance Vasa, daughter of Sigismund III and Constance of Austria, include four pendans and two pair of earrings with eagles, unfailingly three Imperial-Austrian and two Polish: "a pendant with a white, enamelled Eagle, at which seven diamonds, three round pearls and one big hanging ", valued at 120 thalers and "a diamond eagle with a sharply cut diamond in the center, more diamonds around and three hanging pearls". 

Anna Vasa, in half a princess of Poland, as a daughter of Catherine Jagiellon and sister of king Sigismund III, was as such entitled to use this emblem. After Sigismund's defeat at the Battle of Stångebro in 1598, she left Sweden to live with him in Poland where she spent the rest of her life.

The miniature portrait of a lady with eagle pendant from Harrach collection in Vienna (Harrach Palace at Freyung Street) previously identified as effigy of Anna of Austria (1573-1598), first wife of king Sigismund III, basing on strong resemblance to portrait of Catherine Jagiellon, if at all connected with Poland, should be rather identified as a portrait of king’s sister Anna Vasa, and not as his wife. The lack of protruding lip, notorious "Habsburg jaw" known from Anna of Austria’s preserved portraits and costume of the sitter, according to Northern fashion and not Spanish of the Imperial court, confirms this hypothesis.

​Eagle was a symbol of supreme imperial power, epitomized  magnanimity, the Ascension to heaven and regeneration by baptism and was used in jewellery all across Europe at that time. If the pendant is a heraldic symbol than the portrait should be dated to about 1592, when Sigismund was prepared to abandon the Polish throne for Ernest of Austria, who was about to marry princess Anna Vasa (this would also explain how the miniature found its way to Austria) or to 1598, when the princess needed to legitimize herself in her new homeland.

Diamond double-headed eagle of the House of Austria by Anonymous from Milan or Vienna, mid-16th century, Treasury of the Munich Residence. Most probably from dowry of princess Anna Catherine Constance Vasa.

Detail of a portrait of queen Anna of Austria (1573-1598) by Martin Kober, 1595, Bavarian State Painting Collections.

Miniature of princess Catherine Jagiellon (1526-1583) by workshop of Lucas Cranach the Younger, ca. 1553, Czartoryski Museum.

Miniature of a lady with eagle pendant, most probably princess Anna Vasa (1568-1625) by Anonymous, 1590s, Harrach collection in Rohrau Castle (?). ​Identification by Marcin Latka.

See the work in ​Polish-Lithuanian Treasures.

Maria Josepha of Saxony visited the Jasna Góra Monastery with her sister Maria Anna Sophia on May 23rd, 1744. Daughters of Augustus III of Poland and Saxony offered to the Black Madonna of Częstochowa two gold hearts with their names as votive offering. In 1747 the princess married Louis, Dauphin of France (1729-1765) and some time later, in 1756, through intermediary of Duchess Jabłonowska, she sent to Jasna Góra a votive offering for healing her husband. The oil on canvas painting by anonymous French painter is set in a rich bronze frame, cast, chased and gilded, adorned with rocaille motifs and cartouches with coat of arms of Maria Josepha (Polish-Lituanian Commonweath and Kingdom of France). Inscription on frame informs about the intentions of the Dauphine of France. Both the painting and frame were creted by French workshop. Similar example of craftmanship is a late baroque strongbox with monogram of Augustus II of Poland by Pierre Fromery.

​Votive painting of Maria Josepha of Saxony by Anonymous from France, ca. 1753, Treasury of the Jasna Góra Monastery.

Strongbox with monogram of Augustus II the Strong by Pierre Fromery, 1697-1733, Czartoryski Museum.

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The Holy Trinity Triptych occupying the east wall of the Holy Cross Chapel of the Wawel Cathedral, was most probably created by Kraków's workshop of Jakub of Sącz, also known as the Master of the Holy Trinity Triptych or Master of the Choirs. It was established as a retable for the opposite Chapel of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Chapel of Queen Sophia of Halshany. The Queen, fourth and last wife of Jogaila of Lithuania (Ladislaus II Jagiello), most probably also sponsored the altar for her chapel which was finally accomplished in 1464, although built much earlier (between 1431-1433). The retable has a figure of the Risen Christ with two angels, St. Sophia with her daughters, patron saint of the Queen, and St. Anne at the top. The central group of the Holy Trinity is accompanied with statues of saints Dorothy, Margaret, Catherine and Barbara and two painted wings with choirs of apostles, martyrs, prophets and virgins on inner sides and  conversion of St. Paul, vision of St. Eustace, St. George killing the dragon and St. Secundus crossing the river Po in outer sides. In 1616 or before the altar was moved to the current location in the Holy Cross Chapel.

Central part of the Holy Trinity Triptych by workshop of Jakub of Sącz, 1467, Holy Cross Chapel of the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.

Statue of St. Dorothy from the Holy Trinity Triptych by workshop of Jakub of Sącz, 1467, Holy Cross Chapel of the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.

Choir of the Holy Virgins from the Holy Trinity Triptych by workshop of Jakub of Sącz, 1467, Holy Cross Chapel of the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.

​St. Secundus crossing the river Po from the Holy Trinity Triptych by workshop of Jakub of Sącz, 1467, Holy Cross Chapel of the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.

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After his abdication as a King of Poland in 1669, John Casimir Vasa left for France to settle in Paris in Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés as its abbot. He took with him a large portion of the preserved Vasa collections, which was later sold in Paris on an auction in 1673 after his death. Inventory of the sell lists over thousand items:
​
(Extract)

55. A Christ carved in Saint Lucia wood, in an ebony box (Mr. Robert, griffier, 37.10 pounds).

56. Three Polish style chests with two wooden and another covered with black leather, as it is (Mr. Corade the Younger, 7 pounds).

57. A small bending seat covered with red velvet and a green velvet convenience chair, with a basin and two crystal chamber pots (Mr. Argilly, 9 pounds).

58. An altar frontal and two crédances in green velvet, trimmed with embroidery.

77. A large mirror of Venetian glass, trimmed at its edge, blackened and varnished, with its frame, gold and silver and silk (Madame Garnier, 131.10 pounds).

78. Dead Christ with Virgin made in wax, large as nature enshrined in a blackened wooden case with a large Venetian glass in front (Mr. Torque, 550 pounds).

79. A terracotta Virgin holding the infant Jesus, with two small crowns of enameled gold in a walnut box (Duke of Creguy, 20 pounds).

95. St. Peter painted on wood, original by Rubens, with its border of black wood (Mr. Corade, 40 pounds).

96. Virgin, infant Jesus and St. Elizabeth, painted on wood, with its black frame (Mr. Torque, 28 pounds).

97. St. Joseph holding the Child, with God the Father, the glory of little angels, original by Claude (?) Callot, in gold frame (Mr. Buy, 25 pounds).

98. Virgin in oval, holding a bouquet of lilies, a small Christ holding a rose, black frame with silver ornaments (Mr. de Buy, 104 pounds).

99. Head of the Virgin in oval with two hands, black frame with silver elements (Mr. Lenosquy, 25 pounds).

100. A rose with a bud and a golden sun, with a motto in golden frame (Mr. du Moulins, 55 sols).

101. Two small paintings of St. Ignatius and St. Francis Xavier, with ebony frames (Mr. Cavaro, 6 pounds).

102. Effigy of Our Lord in a velvet case (Mr. Meusnier, 4.10 pounds).

103. Virgin with St. Elizabeth and St. Joseph, copy after Nicolas Poussin, in a white frame (Mr. Morin, 33.10 pounds).

104. Christ's head with its golden frame (Mr. de Buy, 92 pounds).

105. Descent from the Cross of Our Lord, painted on wood, without frame (Mr. Vacherot, 9.10 pounds).

106. Christ's head with its golden border (Mr. Boislabbé, 6.5 pounds).

107. St. Ignatius in an interior, who heals possessed in black frame (Mr. de Recourt, 9.10 pounds).

108. St. Anne who teaches the Virgin to read, with little angels above, a crystal glass with gold frame (Mr. Mamice, 25 pounds).

109. St. Dorothy in a gilded oval.

175. Two maces, one in ivory and other one lined with ivory (Mr. Lévesque, 8 pounds).

176. A rhinoceros horn, adorned with gilded silver, with a small cup of same material with a foot trimmed with silver (Mr. Le Blond, merchant-silversmith, 86.10 pounds for the horn, Ms. Garnier, 24 pounds for the cup).

177. A large Turkey carpet, as is (Reverend Father Barré, 30 pounds).

178. A large resting chair, trimmed and covered with brocade.

217. A pair of gauntlets with two Turkish helmets.

218. A large clock that marks the hours at night, with an ebony pedestal, with silver index and gilded brass elements, three little cupids and a silver eagle (Mr. Dupin, 500 pounds).

219. A counterweight pendulum clock in a blackened wooden frame (Phillibert Paturel, 56 pounds).

220. A counterweight pendulum clock in with a small silver dial and a small decoration at the top (Mr. Macon, 56 pounds).

221. A clock striking the hours, half hours and quarter hours, in a walnut case topped with brass (Madame de Turin, 80 pounds).

222. A pendulum clock that marks the minutes, with a large pedestal box (Reverend Father Barre, 240 pounds).

223. A spring clock, striking the hours and minutes, with an ebony pedestal,  a large cross of white brass at the top and a crystal skull at the foot of the crucifix (Mr. Barbier, merchant-silversmith, 304 pounds).

224. A watch clock striking the hours, half-hours, quarters and repeats, marking the minutes, with a silver dial and a frame of gilded copper, adorned with embossed silver plate and foliage (Mr. Dupin, 230 pounds).

225. A pendulum clock, as it is (Mr. Galus, 220 pounds).

226. A clock that marks hours, half hours, the fourth months and moons and moon signs, all movements of steel instead of string, with an ebony and blackened wood pedestal, adorned with several figures in gilded brass and an eagle on top of the dial, with the coat of arms of the late Queen of Poland (Marie Louise Gonzaga), enamel on copper (Mr. Dupin, 160 pounds).

227. An alarm clock striking hours, half hours and quarters, which marks the month’s quarters, the holidays, the year, pendulum decorated with several silver foliage, gilded brass pedestal and such wood with a fortune above (Mr. Le Riche, 311 pounds).

228. A brass clock striking hours, half hours and quarters, with alarm (80 pounds).

232. A clock striking hours, half hours and quarters, moon signs, days of the week, the twelve signs of the seven planets, parts inside with chains, on ebony pedestal, the case adorned with ornaments made in gilded brass with an eagle above (Madame Pachau, 205 pounds).

233. A counterweight pendulum clock in a case of blackened wood, with brass plaques around which are engraved in gilded panoplies, copper whitened dial (Mr. Hardevillers, 46 pounds).

234. A clock on an ebony pedestal, which marks the hours with two globes both sides of the dial, one silver the other gold brass, with two small compasses at the bottom and a large compass made in gilded copper above and sphere made of gilded brass behind.

357. A small painting with a lemon on a plate and a silver overturned vase, in ebony frame (Mr. Clorasse, 6.10 pounds).

358. St. Joseph with infant Jesus, trimmed frame (Mr. Corade, 6.5 pounds).

359. A miniature on vellum, with ebony frame, representing the Crucifixion of Our Lord, with several figures, original by Hreusebon (Mr. Dupin, 71 pounds).

360. A painting of a woman with small children, frame adorned with ebony, original by Mactence (Mr. Corade, 21 pounds).

361. A vertical painting with a garland of fruits and an oval in the middle, vaubours figures and landscapes and fruits of obreville, original by above-named Masters (Jan Brueghel?), in a gilded frame (Mr. Bodin, 415 pounds).

362. A painting with a perspective of the Church in Gdańsk, without frame (Mr. Corade, 40 pounds).

363. A painting with Our Lord on the cross between two thieves, copy after Rubens, painted on copper, in black frame.

389. A head of Christ painted on copper, in ebony frame (Abbot de la Tour, 11 pounds).

390. A perspective of a temple with festivities, painted on wood, in a frame of blackened wood with gilded slats (Mr. Quesnel, 40 pounds).

391. A monk's head, in a black frame (Mr. de Buy, 35 sols).

392. A half-figure of weeping Heraclitus (Mr. Mauriceau, 38.10 pounds).

393. The portrait of a monk holding a cross in his hands, painted on canvas (Mr. Corade, 110 sols).

394. A half- figure of laughing Democritus, original by Hendrik Goltzius (with 392).

395. The Conversion of Mary Magdalene with a cross, a skull, painted on canvas, without frame (Mr. Corade the Younger, 10.10 pounds).

396. Judith with the Head of Holofernes, painted on canvas, no frame.

439. A large vertical painting with St. Joachim and St. Anne who teaches the Virgin to read, with angels, painted on canvas (Mr. Duchemin, 41 pounds).

440. A picture painted on canvas, which shows a naked woman, without frame (Mr. Bruny, 16.10 pounds).

441. A Satyr who eats from a pot with a peasant, a story from Metamorphosis (Mr. De Buy, 35.10 pounds).

457. A painting of medium size, with the Virgin's Genealogy, copy after Raphael, black frame (Mr. Bonhomme, 36 pounds).

458. A painting which shows a Virgin in Glory, with adoring King at the bottom and Saint John, original, in black frame (Mr. Torque, 21 pounds).

459. A small canopy of crimson velvet, trimmed with gold and silk, tailless (Mr. Ollivier, upholsterer, 151.10 pounds).

480. Twelve broken (folded ?) ebony chairs, trimmed at their edges with upholstery of red velvet embroidered with gold and trimmed with fringe, gold and silk, accompanied with twelve cushions, also of red velvet embroidered with gold on one side only (Madame Garnier, 250 pounds).

481. Two large parade chairs covered with velvet crimson, which wooden feets, arms and other ornaments are made of Polish silver, sewn with pearls in other places. The said two armchairs are upholstered with velvet embroidered cushions with small gold glands (Madame Garnier, 1703 pounds).

630. A cane mottled with gold and silver with a screwing ivory handle and lower parts in silver (Mr. François, 56 sols).

631. A Cossack style baton made in a wood from India, with a lion’s head at the end and a silver hoop (Abbot de la Mothe, 6 pounds).

632. A baton of the late King of Poland made in a wood from Brazil, set with gold at both ends (Mr. Rondet, 27.10 pounds).

646. An ebony cabinet with two doors with drawers, with an inkwell and compact with two small lids and two rings of Polish silver (Mr. Dupin, 120 pounds).

647. Another cabinet, similar to above one, with silver settings (Mr. Dupin, 38 pounds).

648. An ebony checkerboard with black and white checkers, and a game of chess.

649. Eight high-warp tapestries representing the Life of Solomon, and four other high-warp tapestries representing Saul and Solomon, 54 French ell width altogether by 3.5 French ell high, the twelve pieces constitute two hangings (Mr. Maré, 1413 pounds for seven pieces, the said Mr. Maré, 1002 pounds for five pieces).

650. A walnut cabinet of on a twisted column, topped with several drawers and small plates of gilded copper serving as an ornament; a table and two similar wooden pedestals (Mr. Gallois, 120 pounds).

651. Fifteen pieces of tapestry of red velvet and gold brocade, 36 French ell width altogether by 2.3 French ell high, and twelve pieces of crimson red velvet, embroidered with gold and topped with a fringe of gold and silk, sloping from the said tapestry containing 36 French ell (Mr. Huvin, upholsterer, 2251 pounds).

655. A large gilded carriage for six, upholstered with Venetian velvet in palmettes on aurora background and blue flowers, with glasses and set on a chassis (sold by Mr. Torque).

656. A small carriage, upholstered with Venetian velvet in palmettes on aurora background and black flowers, with three glasses and set on a chassis (sold by Mr. Torque).

657. A large mourning carriage draped in black in and out, without glasses and set on a chassis (sold by Mr. Torque).

721. Four large plates, eight small, round basin, a jug with a cover, a saltcellar and dozen plates. Made of sounding pewter (Mr. Bourgeois, 43.02 pounds).

722. A large basin with figures in relief, accompanied with a vase, made of gilded German silver, on which is represented the horse Pegasus and the figure of Mercury, 62 marks and seven ounces of weight (Mr. Gerard, merchant-silversmith).

726. A ring with a purple ruby ​​carved on eight sides with six faceted diamonds (Mr. De Buy, 1200 pounds).

727. Another ring with a long purple sapphire with six faceted diamonds (Mr. Macon, goldsmith, 600.10 pounds).

728. Ten pieces of Brussels’ tapestry representing the story of deeds of Ulysses (by Jacob Geubels), including parts sewn with gold, containing 56 French ell width by 3.5 French ell high (Mr. Dupin for Mr. Paul, agent of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine, 12,000 pounds).

729. Four other pieces of Brussels’ tapestry representing the Deeds of Hercules and Triumph of Bacchus, sewn with gold containing 22 French ell width by 4 French ell high (Mrs. Bruneau, stored in the furniture repository of His Majesty close to the Louvre, 16001 pounds).

Inventory made in Nevers

1. A tapestry of 40 strips of Venetian brocade, with slopes and fringe in various colors (Mr. de Buy, 400 pounds).

2. Thirteen ell of tapestry of 7 pieces, 2.5 French ell high, from Venetian brocade (not sold and left in Nevers).

3. A bed of wood with a red satin mattress; a bed and pillow filled with feather and covered with red taffeta, a pavilion with lining of brocade “Porte de Paris”; a green silk cover, with 3 bags of leather (Madame Filogue, 220 pounds).

LL XII. Four portraits of four Princes of Neuburg (Mr. Corade, 12 pounds).

CX LL. Amazon painted on canvas (Mr. de Buy, 110 sols).

LL VI. A portrait of a Maltese Commander (Zygmunt Karol Radziwiłł?), painted on canvas (Mr. de Buy, 6 pounds).

LI LL. A painting on canvas depicting St. Casimir, in a trimmed frame (Mr. Bodin, 51 pounds).

CX S. Another painting also painted on canvas, depicting St. Casimir (Mr. Corade, 110 sols).

LX LL. Portable chair, covered in black cloth (Mr. Bourguignon, 60 pounds).

XXX S. A portrait of a Polish Prince (Mr. Corade, 30 sols).

​Virgin and Child with flowers by Anonymous after Carlo Dolci, after 1642, National Gallery in London, was listed under number 98 of the King's belongings.

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​The General Inventory of the Wilanów Palace from November 10th, 1696 is a document preserved in the Archive of Old Documents in Warsaw. It includes approximately 3500 items - 433 paintings, 1200 thalers worth jewels (only priced positions) and 4801 grzywnas (1100 kg) of silver (only positions with weight included) supervised by burgraves Brochocki and Cieszkowski and delivered by supervisors of silver Mr. Dyniewicz and Hyacynt Kredencerz. The document was prepared in Złoczów for Prince Aleksander Sobieski by burgrave Stanisław Cieszkowski basing on earlier General Register.

The documents provides supplementary information on some of the most precious items in the Royal Collection like the canopy above the King’s bed which was described by Papal nuntio in Poland Andrea Santa Croce as “a gobelin with pearls and precious stones” presented to the King by shah of Persia. According to the inventory, the canopy was made from rich velvet “Persian fabric” with colorful pattern with figures on gold background. However the inventory does not include some rarities from the King’s library, promised by the King to the Fatebenefratelli in Lwów, like for example “one horn of a sea unicorn whale, crocodile, a head of a sawfish (or a crocodile), whale fin, rhinoceros horn, sea cancer”.

(Extract)

Jewels (172 items)

No. 1. | P. Ale: | Pure gold watch set with diamonds | 580 thalers

No. 31. | P. Const: | IESVS monogram set with diamonds with three pearls | 220 thalers

No. 36. | P. Alex: | Image of Our Lady set with diamonds | 200 thalers

No. 40. | P. Ale: | Jasper figurine with gold, set with diamonds, emeralds and rubies | 150 thalers

No. 60. | P. Jaco: | Ring with coat of arms of the King | 

No. 97. | P. Con: | Big knife with crystal handle set with turquoises | 100 thalers

Silverware (122 items)

No. 4. | | Silver bowl made in Augsburg with a cover with phoenix | weight 36 grzywnas

No. 8. | | Three storey fountain with gilded elements made in Augsburg | weight 108 grzywnas

No. 9. | | Silver pyramid with 11 baskets made in Augsburg | weight 45 grzywnas

No. 12. | | Large gilded basin with a jug with eagle | weight 147 grzywnas

No. 13. | | Smooth jug with gilded parts with double headed eagle [imperial or Russian?] | weight 48 grzywnas

No. 19. | | Round gilded basin with a jug with lion and Topór coat of arms | weight 44 grzywnas

No. 21. | | Trimmed basin with the Story of Belisarius made in Augsburg | weight 23 grzywnas

No. 22. | | Similar basin with the Story of Mordecai | weight 18 grzywnas

No. 23. | | Trimmed tray with the Story of Bacchus made in Augsburg | weight 14 grzywnas

No. 24. | | Round tray with a person pointing finger made in Augsburg | weight 11 grzywnas

No. 25. | | Tray with Neptune made in Augsburg | weight 9 grzywnas

No. 26. | | Gilded tray with a boar | weight 7 grzywnas

No. 27. | | Silver tray with Magi | weight 12 grzywnas

No. 28. | | Silver tray with handles with Convivium Deorum | weight 14 grzywnas

No. 30. | | Silver tray with gilded handles with a shepherdess with a dog | weight 7 grzywnas

No. 31. | | Basket with gilded handles, Justice and Abundance| weight 11 grzywnas

No. 32. | | Basket with gilded handles with three goddess | weight 14 grzywnas

No. 33. | | Basket with gilded handles with Quatuor Anni tempora | weight 12 grzywnas

No. 42. | | Serving silver tray with King’s coat of arms made in Paris | weight 4 grzywnas

No. 44. | | Gilded set for one person with King’s coat of arms made in Paris | weight 11 grzywnas

No. 52. | | Two gilded trays engraved with fruits and butterfly made in Augsburg | weight 9 grzywnas

No. 79. | | Pair of vases with large handles with bases with King’s coat of arms made in Paris| weight 536 grzywnas

No. 81. | | Silver screen with angels and a crown made in Augsburg | weight 242 grzywnas

No. 88. | | Twelve gilded plates with King’s coat of arms| weight 33 grzywnas

No. 92. | | 22 smooth gilded plates with coat of arms and letters A.R. | weight 51 grzywnas

Goldsmithery (538 items)

No. 1. | P.Al:| Gold bowl in the shape of a shell presented by Elector of Brandenburg with his coat of arms | weight 894 red zlotys

No. 2. | P.Iacobus:| Smaller gold bowl with Chinese people and flowers| weight 192 red zlotys

No. 6. | P.Con:| Smooth gold cup on three knobs with coat of arms of Elector of Brandenburg and ducal cap| weight 480 red zlotys

No. 7. | Queen:| Large jasper bowl with gold bottom and gold handles, gold cover with 4 crystals and a crane holding a sapphire| weight 600 red zlotys

No. 8. | P.Iacobus:| Jasper bowl in gold frame set with rubies with eagle’s head | weight 150 red zlotys

No. 9. | P.Al:| Jasper chalice with a high bottom and a silver frame set with rubies, cover with a lily, set with diamonds and emeralds| weight 250 red zlotys

No. 17. | | Black agate casket in gold frame with four columns, set with crystal, and Passion of Christ| weight 500 red zlotys

No. 26. |P.Con.| Engraved crystal bowl with high bottom with crystal eagle | 

No. 42. |P.Al.| Chinese inkwell in the shape of a lectern with a gold lock set with diamonds | 

No. 49. |P.Al.| Nautilus cup in the shape of a ship with a mast on a dolphin | 

No. 64. || Gilded silver figurine of Arion among dolphins | 

No. 70. |P.Al.| Turkish porcelain censer in silver frame set with rubies and other precious stones| 

No. 78. |Princess| Gilded silver casket set lavishly with stones with an eagle at the top| 

No. 80. |P.Iacobus| Nautilus cup in silver frame with a Triton | 

No. 81. |P.Con:| Nautilus cup in silver frame with a gilded swan |
 
No. 82. |P.Iacobus| Box in the shape of a pyramid with 7 green filigree bottles |

No. 84. |P.Al.| Coral bush on a silver pedestal with silver Andromeda |

No. 85. |P.Con.| Green jasper bowl in gold frame, cover with Diana | 40

No. 87. |P.Al.| Pure gold saltcellar with a cover with Cleopatra and a pearl | 115

No. 88. |P.Con.| Heart-shaped bowl in gold frame | 

No. 92. |P.Con.| Our Lady made in coral on a gilded silver pedestal | 

No. 97. |P.Con.| Filigree palace with a garden | 

No. 98. |P.Iacobus.| New bone inlaid checkers with amber pawns in walnut box| 

No. 100. || Mathematical box covered with black leather adorned with silver with King’s arms, two mathematic instruments inside in smaller boxes | 

No. 112. |P. Iacobus.| Silver chimney screen with green glass|
 
No. 113. |P. Al.| A pair of stone pictures with flowers made in Florence, one with a frame the other without | 

No. 120. |P. Al.| Silver altar with Immaculate Conception in a box|
 
P.1 No. 129. |P. Iac.| Pure gold candlestick of 93 red zloty weight|

P.1 No. 130. |P. Con.| Gilded altar with Nativity of Christ in a box|

P.1 No. 131. |P. Al.| Another altar with Resurrection of Christ |

Walled treasury in the southern tower of the Wilanów Palace

P.2 No. 123. |P. Iac.| Ebony table set with silver with an instrument inside and four s-shaped elements on each side in lower part |

P.2 No. 125. |P. Iacobus.| Gilded clock with a sun index with perpendicular |

P.2 No. 126. |P. Constantin| Gilded clock with small turned posts and a perspective (a telescope?)|

P.2 No. 128. |P. Iacobus| A clock with a siren on a black pedestal with six knobs, turret at the top with a figure |

P.2 No. 130. |P. Iacobus| Inkwell set with tortoiseshell and mother of pearl in silver frame |

No. 137. |P. Con. | Filigree silver tray set with precious stones with two cupids in the center |

No. 144. |P. Iacobus. | Jasper chalice set with diamonds, rubies and emeralds 175 silver worth | 175

No. 146. |P. Con. | Small Chinese tray with trimmed borders, lacquered in black with gold with a bowl adorned similarly with a gold stamp inside set with emeralds, accompanied with three Chinese gods made in the same way with nodding heads | 

No. 147. | | Picture on canvas with Our Lady with Saint Francis covered with metal riza adorned with stones, diamonds and pearls in corners, this picture hung always in the bedroom of his Highness in Wilanów| 

No. 148. | | Large ebony cabinet framed in gold with enameled elements, diamonds and precious stones, mirrors in the drawers|
 
No. 160. | P. Iacobus. | Delftware vase with ships and King’s monogram| 

Queen’s Antechamber

No. 161. | | Two large walnut wardrobes set with silver trimmed pieces filled with delftware and porcelain| 

No. 162. | P.Const| Crystal clock in gilded silver frame| 

No. 163. | P. Iacobus. | Velvet wallpapers with crimson flowers on yellow background | 

Al fresco painted cabinet

No. 170. | | Red tortoiseshell cabinet on six legs | 

Queen’s Bedroom

No. 171. | | Large jasper cabinet with drawers adorned with pietra dura and silver, in inner part 9 stone pictures and 18 metals |
 
No. 172. | | Mirror on high pedestal with a clock adorned with stones and silver festoons | 

No. 176. | | Overbed canopy in Chinese style with gold, fringed with gold and silk | 

Queen’s Study

No. 189. |P. Al. | Small ebony table set with silver on crystal legs |
 
No. 193. |P. Al. | Amber cross in a box | 

King’s Antechamber

No. 203. | | Roman cabinet with drawers with Story of Moses behind glass, in this cabinet a clock with a lamp and gilded Curtius on horseback at the top | 

No. 204. | | Large cabinet made in Florence adorned with tortoiseshell and other stones, with a clock at the top | 

No. 205. | | Large chair covered with gold fabric with crimson lining with silk fringe with gold and gilded silver knobs|

No. 206. |P. Constanti | Velvet wallpapers with crimson crowns and flowers on golden background |

King’s Bedroom

No. 208. | | Pietra dura table with jasper settings with figures on gilded wooden legs |

No. 210. | | Carved gilded table made in France with arms of the King and Queen covered with profuse Persian fabric at the top |

No. 214. | | Gilded wooden bed carved with shell forms with two cupids standing on turtles on the head side and two dolphins in leg side|

Dutch Study

No. 224. | | Black table with flowers and a parrot in the center on walnut legs|

No. 226. |P.Con | Large amber cross on high pedestal in a box |

No. 229. | | Calambuco wood Three Kings in a shed adorned with rubies and diamonds |

No. 234. |P.Con: | Chinese satin dressing gown adorned with painted flowers with orange cotton linen |

No. 235. |P.Ale: | White satin dressing gown embroidered with flowers and double-headed eagle in the center, scarlet satin linen |

No. 243. |P.Alexander: | A pair of velvet Persian pillows with pyramid pattern on gold background and with orange satin linen |

No. 247. |P.Iacobus. | Turkish tortoiseshell casket set with mother of pearl |

King’s Chinese Study

No. 248. |P. Alexander. | Chinese satin wall hangings with sewn flowers, birds and figures |

No. 250. || Wooden carved and gilded bed made in France with Queen’s monogram |

No. 255. || Chinese gilded table with a drawer on four legs with a Chinese cabinet with drawers atop containing Chinese boxes, gods, pictures, flowers set in brass |

No. 256. ||Gilded wooden statue of a Chinese god |

No. 258. | P.Ale. |Chinese casket set with mother of pearl in brass frame |

King’s dressing room

No. 263. | P.Al: | Ivory casket set with jasper |

No. 271. | P.Iacobus | Square pillow with octagonal crimson flowers on silver and gold background |

No. 275. | | Lying deer with coral antlers |

No. 276. | | Round table with King’s monogram |

No. 277. | P. Alex.| Old elongated Chinese chest with rounded cover, set with mother of pearl |

No. 280. | | Large shell of a sea turtle in form of a shield |

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No. 281. |P. Con. | Smooth silver table on a pedestal with checkers inside |

No. 282. |P. Con. | Small ebony angular table on eight legs, set with silver |

No. 290. | | Filigree altar set with precious stones with two pictures, Passion of Christ in upper part and Our Lady of Sorrows in lower part|

No. 291. | To Żółkiew| Large gilded can set with precious stones in a box with white Holy Ghost atop and gilded rays, it was made for the Church in Żółkiew |

No. 295. | given to the Princess| Profuse Persian wall hangings with flowers, birds and letters Ioannes Rex |

No. 312. | P. Alexander. | Two small perfume pillows to the great canopy, one in pearl color satin, sewn with gold and silver thread with a marzipan colored lace, the other one painted with figures|

No. 321. | | Round Turkish leather table embroidered with gold and silver |

No. 330. | | Half-silk wall hanging with flames hung before the bathroom, 7 pieces |

No. 331. | | Velvet red wall hangings with embroidered female figures, 12 large and small pieces |

No. 332. | | Velvet green tapestries with emperors, 10 large and small pieces |

No. 333. | | Canopy from the above set, crimson velvet with coat of arms of ancestors of His Highness |

No. 334. |to the Queen | Tapestry set sewn with gold with battles, received from his highness Elector of Bavaria, 8 pieces |

No. 373. |P. Const. | Canopy made from a rich fabric, with silver flowers on a gold background, with a marzipan colored fringe and one silk rope |

No. 374. || Crimson canopy embroidered in floral motives in gold thread, green silk fringe with gold thread |

No. 377. |P. Alexander| Two crimson velvet portieres with coat of arms of the King with pearl colored satin linen |

No. 381. |One to P. Iacob the other to P. Alex.| Two rich curtains with satin blue center embroidered with gold thread with stars, moon fazes, with green cotton linen |

No. 407. |P. Con:| Persian small crimson kilim in gold and silver striations with blue cotton linen|

No. 419. || Two velvet crimson chairs with patterns and gilded knobs, fringe and gallon in gold|

No. 421. || Folded velvet crimson chairs in a gilded silver frame |

No. 437. || Hanging crystal candlestick in red case |

No. 444. || A pair of paintings with palaces and people in turbans before them in gilded carved frames |

No. 446. |P. Alexander | A pair of paintings on silver plates with Alexander on horseback and His Majesty on the other in black ebony frames |

No. 447. |P. Alexander| Veronica with the veil behind the glass in silver covered frame |

No. 454. |P. Iacob | Gilded wooden inkwell painted with birds |

No. 455. |P. Con: | Small ivory square casket with brass gilded slats in corners with pieces of crystal on sides and cover |

No. 458. |P. Al: | Mother of pearl inkwell with a mirror inside under the cover |

No. 471. |P. Al: | Wooden Chinese tray with a pitcher set with mother of pearl |

No. 487. |P. Al: | Brass table clock in form of a tower on black pedestal |

No. 489. |P. Iac. | Bronze equestrian figure of Gustavus Adolphus |

No. 492. || Jasper green rosaries, and a moose horn with relics of different saints with silver filigree cross |

Paintings (316 items)

No. 1. || Painting with sea ducks with ducklings and a hoopoe in black frame |20

No. 4. || Painting with a dragon with a snake and a hoopoe on a tree in black frame |20

No. 5. || Large painting with Mercury at the table with other gods in carved gilded frame |

Queen’s Antechamber

No. 8. || Dutch painting with a hovel by the sea and land with travelers in black frame |110

No. 10. || Painting with a fire of Amsterdam Town Hall in black frame |110

No. 11. || Pair of paintings with different fruit and sea cancer (crabs?) without frame |12

Queen’s Bedroom

No. 13. || Painting of a lady in white dress with a gentleman playing lute in black frame |100

No. 15. || Painting of a lady in scarlet dress playing clavichord with a gentleman in black frame |100

No. 16. || Passion of Christ in ivory on violet velvet with a gold gallon |150

Queen’s Antechamber

No. 19. || Image of Saint Francis on marble in form of an altar triptych in frame adorned with silver |6

No. 20. || Image of Deposition of Christ in ivory in black frame |70

No. 22. || Image of Nativity of Christ in ivory in black frame |100

No. 23. || Image of Nativity of Christ in marble in black frame |15

No. 24. || Pair of oval glassed images with Christ the Savior and Mary in carved gilded frame |60

No. 26. || Painting with the Story of Herod in carved gilded frame |30

No. 27. || Pair of glassed images with goddesses and Vulcan on the other in carved gilded frame |60

No. 29. || Pair of images with a Swiss man with halberd and a Dutch woman in gilded frame |

Queen’s Study

No. 31. || Painting of Mary sitting under the tree with Saint Joseph in gilded frame |

No. 33. || Pair of glassed images with the Story of Actaeon in tortoiseshell frame set with brass and tin |40

No. 34. || Painting of Assumption of Mary by Bacici in carved gilded frame |100

No. 35. || Painting of Jupiter by Mr Jerzy (Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter) in carved gilded frame |60

No. 37. || Glassed portrait of Queen of France (Anne of Austria) in gilded frame |10

No. 39. || Painting of Abraham and Hagar in gilded frame |130

No. 42. || Painting of Mary on white satin in plant paint in gilded frame |13

No. 44. || Painting of Mary Magdalene lying under the tree on tin plate in gilded frame |25

No. 45. || Painting of Mary looking upwards with Jesus in gilded carved frame |50

No. 46. || Painting of a Capuchin monk with a book, reading, in gilded frame |15

No. 47. || Painting of an old Capuchin monk with a skull contemplating Passion of Christ in gilded frame |10

No. 49. |P.Al:| Miniature glassed painting of decapitation of Saint Margaret in filigree frame set with precious stones |

No. 50. |P.Al:| Miniature glassed painting of Saint John with a lamb in filigree frame set with enamel and precious stones |

No. 53. || Painting of Saint John pointing upwards in filigree frame set with precious stones |

King’s Antechamber

No. 69. || Painting of Christ with the Pharisees by Raphael in gilded frame |150

King’s Bedroom

No. 74. || Portrait of Portuguese rabbi by Rembrandt in black frame |150

No. 75. || Painting of the same dimensions of a Jewish Girl in a beret in black frame |190

No. 76. || Painting of an old Spanish woman in gilded carved frame |30

No. 78. || Bas-relief presented by His Holiness Pope Ottoboni (Alexander VIII) with Saint Ignatius and his companions in smooth metal gilded frame, on lapis and amethyst background, hung on a silk rope with silver knobs |300 

No. 79. || Painting of Passion of Christ on tin plate in pietra dura frame |60

No. 81. || Painting of Saint Anthony resurrecting a child on tin plate in carved frame with gilded copper elements |130

No. 82. || Natural marble image with battle of Amazons in brass frame with marble medallions and silver cherubs |45

No. 83. || Painting of Moses leaving Egypt with his people in bone inlaid frame |300

No. 84. || Painting of Procession Saint Gregory in Rome with a round top in metal gilded frame |130

No. 86. || Pietra dura image with Annunciation, the head of an angel damaged in gilded metal frame |50

No. 87. || Bas-relief pietra dura image with fruit and flowers in a lapis vase in black frame |50

King’s Dutch Study

No. 88. || Pair of Dutch paintings with peacocks, turkeys and hen with chickens on one of them and red kite eating a pigeon, hens and hen with chickens on the other one, both in gilded frame|

No. 89. || Painting with flowers in a glass bowl in carved gilded frame with King’s monogram|80

No. 92. || Painting with Three Kings by Rembrandt in black frame|100

No. 93. || Painting with Abraham and Hagar by Rembrandt in black frame|100

No. 97. || Painting of an old lady reading a book in octagonal black frame|50

No. 103. || 12 images of Chinese Emperors in round black frames |12

No. 104. || Image of man sitting behind bars with a lady in white dress visiting him in black frame |10

No. 105. || Bas-relief wax image of Veraicon (or Saint Veronica) in oval carved and gilded frame |

No. 107. || Ivory image of Rape of Proserpine in black frame | 100

No. 108. || Pair of Chinese images on white satin with gods sitting on storks in a simple wooden frame at the bottom| 8

King’s Chinese Study

No. 113. || Painting of Christ in the Garden by Lavinia Fontana (?) in gilded carved frame| 30

No. 116. || Painting of Christ with Samaritan woman on tin plate in black frame with gilded slat| 60

No. 120. || Painting of Sybil praying to Apollo in gilded frame| 60

No. 122. || Portrait of Helena (Henrietta?), Queen of England in gilded frame| 40

No. 123. || Painting of Neptun and other gods on tin plate in gilded frame| 18

No. 126. || Pair of Chinese images on white satin with a greyhound on one of them and a tiger on the other | 18

No. 127. || Painting with angels holding cross in clouds in gilded frame | 20

No. 128. || Painting of Christ in the Garden on black marble by Anthony van Dyck in gilded frame | 45

No. 129. || 14 miniature images of Chinese Emperors in black round frames | 24

King’s Dressing Room

No. 135. || Dutch painting of a sick lady with a doctor checking the urine and child playing with a dog in leather covered silver plated frame with a gilded slate | 70

No. 136. || Painting of a lady playing clavichord and a servant in third room sweeping in leather covered silver plated frame with a gilded slate | 30

No. 139. || Painting of a lady playing viola da gamba with a female servant playing lute in black frame| 10

No. 140. || Painting with ladies drinking coffee in leather covered gilded frame | 50

No. 141. || Painting with marble pitcher and fruit in leather covered gilded frame | 10

No. 145. || Marble image of a white goddess turned into a tree (Daphne?) in octagonal black frame | 30

Library

No. 148. || 4 paintings representing four continents in separate frames containing 17 small pictures painted on tin plate | 

Upper Treasury with paintings from the Lower Gallery and Library

No. 151. || Dutch landscape painting with people resting under the tree in black frame | 40

No. 152. || Painting of a butler entering the room before a lady in white dress in black frame | 10

No. 156. || Painting of a lady in gold dress playing lute, a girl giving her a letter in black frame | 35

No. 157. || Painting of a lady in white dress with a gentleman putting his leg on her in simple white frame | 35

No. 160. || Painting with a gilded cup, herring on a plate, bread and oysters in black frame | 50

No. 161. || Painting of a Knight of Malta returning from the war, and the other one dancing with a lady in black frame| 15

No. 163. || Pair of paintings with herrings, garlic, onion, white bread and a glass of wine in simple white frame| 80

No. 167. || Painting of three people standing at the sea shore, two sitting and one old man pointing to the sea in black frame | 30

No. 169. || Paintings of old men on wood panel, one of them holding a herring and money without frame |

No. 171. || Straw image with a landscape without frame |

No. 176. || Pair of round paintings on marble with Actaeon and sirens on dolphins in the other one in grey octagonal frames | 30

No. 180. || Painting with a Dutch dwelling with a female cook pouring milk, in gilded copper frame (copy of Vermeer’s Milkmaid?) | 10

No. 187. || Ivory image with Caritas on black velvet in oval carved and gilded frame | 40

No. 188. || Pair of paintings with a girl at the window with a candle and an old lady with a pitcher watering plants in a pot in the other one, both in gilded carved frames | 54

No. 190. || Picture of Mary Magdalene embroidered in silk in gilded frame | 

No. 191. || Pair of pictures in wax on jasper with Andromeda and Phaethon on the other in silver frame |

No. 192. || Glassed picture with a perspective in white wax with two sitting people in black wax in black frame |10

No. 197. || Small painting on tin plate with banquet of King Ahasuerus in black frame |45

No. 198. || Small painting on tin plate with a soldier killing a queen and a city in flames in black frame |19

No. 199. || Small painting with Sodoma in flames and two angels above throwing flames in smooth gilded frame|20

No. 201. || Painting with a Franciscan monk listening to a confession in gilded frame |13

No. 202. || Pair of paintings with a Dutch man killing lice and the other one scratching in his bosom, both in large black frames |20

No. 204. || Painting on wood with Head of Saint John in black frame with gilded elements with turquoise and silver gilded slate |15

No. 207. || Painting on tin plate with different travelers under a rock and a woman with a child on her arms in black frame |

No. 208. || Pietra dura picture with a parrot on a cherry wood in black frame |10

No. 210. || Large painting with an old man by Rembrandt in gilded frame and rounded top |80

No. 214. || Painting with a glassed cupboard with different papers in fir white frame |15

No. 215. || Painting on wood with Venus holding her leg and Cupid, under the tree without a frame |6

No. 221. || Painting of Mary Magdalene with an angel and a skull in gilded frame |60

No. 225. || Pair of new paintings with a Lot standing by a pitcher and a banker counting gold coins on the other, both without frames |16

No. 229. || Painting of Nativity of Christ on black marble in gilded carved frame |15

No. 230. || Ivory picture with a lion hunt on black velvet in black frame |45

No. 230. || Dutch painting with cattle, shepherd on horseback and the other one holding a goat by the horns in black frame |50

No. 238. || Painting with fruit in white porcelain on a small table covered with a red fabric in black frame |4

No. 241. || Painting with a shepherdess on a grey donkey, hunter on horseback with a bird and dogs before her and two traveling Capuchin monks in black frame |90

Paintings in Marywil

No. 252. || Large landscape painting with ruins and people on mules in gilded frame |20

No. 253. || Large painting with a lute and different mathematical instruments, clock and two silver vases in gilded frame |10

No. 259. || Painting with a battle of Turks and Hungarians, with a gentleman on horseback with a sword and a cross hanging on his chest in gilded frame |12

No. 260. || Painting of the same dimensions on canvas with a battle of Turks under a besieged castle and Croats  coming with the rescue in gilded frame |12

No. 261. || Elongated painting (horizontal?) with a farrier nailing on a white horse before a smithy and soldiers returning to the camp in carved gilded frame |10

No. 262. || Elongated painting (horizontal?) with a farrier nailing on a horse before a smithy with more horses while a woman with a child is sitting on the ground in black frame |40

No. 274. || Painting with gypsies by the fire and soldiers playing cards under the tree in black frame with gilded slat |2

No. 276. || Painting with wandering gypsies walking and on wagons, female gypsies with children, kitchen pots and other utensils beside them in black frame |2

No. 277. || Painting in grisaille with Charon and sitting soldiers in black frame |3

No. 278. || Pair of old style paintings with a King and a Queen in black frame |4

No. 280. || Painting on oak panel with a female cook with a pheasant in black frame |8

No. 281. || Large painting with Salvator Mundi |20

No. 286. || Portrait of a man in red costume lined with sable and yellow żupan in black frame |20

No. 287. || Portrait of Queen Eleanor in white dress in a simple frame |20

No. 288. || Portrait of Queen of Sweden in old style costume with a ruff collar in black frame |4

No. 291. || Painting with a painter looking on engravings with a palette and brushes beside him in black frame |8

No. 292. || Painting with a lady sitting by the table with a lute beside her in elongated black frame|5

No. 293. || Painting of half nude Mary Magdalene kneeling before the cross with her hands in prayer in black frame|10

No. 296. || Portrait of Queen of Scotland (Mary Stuart?) on wood in black frame|2

No. 299. || Landscape painting with Dutch cattle and a shepherd leaning on an ox in black frame with double gilded slat|3

No. 300. || Painting with a parrot and a sea cat (northern fur seal?) and chamamilla creature on the tree beside, in black frame with double gilded slat |20

Items in a chest in the Warsaw Treasury

No. 569. |P.Alex.| Tiger leather lined with gold satin |

No. 570. |P.Iacobus.| Tiger skin lined with blue cotton |

No. 571. |P.Const.| Smaller tiger skin lined with orange kindyak |

No. 572. |P.Const.| Large tiger skin, not lined |

No. 573. |P.Iacob.| Small tiger skin, not lined |

No. 574. |P.Alex.| Leopard skin lined with different stripes of velvet with silver and gold twines between, silver and gold crowns in corners, buttons in one end, lined with yellow cotton fabric |

No. 575. |P.Constanti.| Small leopard skin lined with red büründzuk (silk with metal thread fabric from Turkey), paws and tail lined with ocher velvet|

No. 576. |P.Alexander.| Leopard skin lined with different stripes of velvet with silver and gold twine, with crowns embroidered with gold in each corner, buttons in one end, lined with blue cotton fabric |

No. 577. || Skin of a black wolf given to voivode (duke) of Courland.

See also: Table centerpiece with Hercules

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Who is the mysterious girl dressed in contemporary, although a bit out of fashion at the time of creation, Spanish dress? The portrait is a so-called pendant, one of two paintings hung together with similar or respective topic. In portraiture usually depicting couples, man and wife, mother and daughter, father and son, brother and sister, in opposite poses. Basing on dimensions (134 x 98 cm), style, topic and costume similarity, the portrait of unknown Princess is undoubtedly a pendant to portrait of Prince Sigismund Casimir Vasa preserved in the Austria’s Ambras Castle collection (division of Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, inventory number 8198) and attributed to Dutch painter at the Polish court in Warsaw, Peter Danckerts de Rij. Young prince, about 4 years old, was depicted in a fancy polish costume – green żupan, standing on a loggia (arcaded terrace) of Ladislaus IV’s favourite residence in Warsaw facing Vistula River. Sigismund Casimir was the only son of the King by his first wife Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria. The portrait is recorded in the Ambras Castle inventories as far as the year of 1663, hence it could be a gift of the King of Poland to his Austrian cousins. The reason why the portrait of Polish princess does not preserved in the same location might be that she was illegitimate daughter of the King, who could not be introduced to the imperial family.  It might have been in the collection of the Polish Vasas till 1673, when John II Casimir’s belongings were put on sale in Paris. Ladislaus’ Queen became pregnant three times during her marriage. Apart from Sigismund Casimir (1 April 1640), she gave birth to a daughter Maria Anna Isabella on 8 January 1642, who died one month later and on 23 March 1644 Cecilia Renata gave birth her third child, a stillborn daughter. She died next day as a consequence of an infection. None of king’s siblings had a child in 1640s, consequently the portrait could not depict a living, legitimate member of the Royal family.

​The only confirmed illegitimate child of the King, Władysław Konstanty (Ladislaus Constantine), was born around 1635. Although the male children were frequently depicted in long dresses in baroque era, he was approximately 10 years old at the time when the portrait was executed, hence too old to wear such costume. The features of the sitter are also more feminine and typical for young girls of that time. It is possible then, what was suggested several times, that Ladislaus had a daughter by his mistress Jadwiga Łuszkowska born in about 1640. The portrait can be considered as unprecedented depiction of illegitimate child together with "prince of the blood" in Habsburg circle, and it is a testimony of great affection of the King to his children.

Due to great similarity of contemporary Polish and Hungarian costumes, it is also highly probable that pictures represent not Sigismund Casimir Vasa and his alleged sister but eldest son of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife Maria Anna of Spain - Ferdinand (1633-1654), made king of Bohemia in 1646 and king of Hungary and Croatia in 1647 and his sister Mariana of Austria (1634-1696), future queen of Spain, who were frequently depicted together at that time. The Emperor's son was depicted with similar Hungarian hat and similar dog in 1634 at the age of 1 year. ​

(1) Portrait of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (1633-1654) in Hungarian costume by Anonymous, 1630s, Ambras Castle in Innsbruck, 

(2) Portrait of Archduchess Mariana of Austria (1634-1696) in Spanish costume by Anonymous, 1630s, Museu Sa Bassa Blanca, 

(3-4) Portrait of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and his sister Mariana of Austria by Anonymous, 1630s, Bavarian State Painting Collections,

(5-6) Portrait of a boy and a girl, most probably Ferdinand of Austria and his sister Mariana of Austria by Frans Luyckx, 1630s, Museo Nacional del Prado, 

(7) Detail of portrait of Maria Anna of Spain and her son Ferdinand by Anonymous, 1634, Kunsthistorisches Museum, 
​
(8) Portrait of Pál and Orsolya Esterházy by Anonymous, 1652, Forchtenstein Castle. 

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Before 1516 the confraternity of Saint Reinhold in Gdańsk commissioned a retable for the Saint Reinhold Chapel of the Saint Mary's Church in the city. The outer wings of the polyptych were painted in the workshop of Joos van Cleve, who depicted himself as Saint Reinhold.
​
The polyptych was shipped to Gdańsk in 1516 and today is on display in the Gallery of Medieval Art of the National Museum in Warsaw (oak, central panel 194 × 158 cm (76.4 × 62.2 in), each wing 194 × 75 cm (76.4 × 29.5 in)). It is the first confirmed work commissioned by patrons from territories of today's Poland.

The second could be Triptych with the Adoration of the Magi with a monarch in a chain of the Order of the Golden Fleece in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin (oak, central panel 72 × 52 cm (28.3 × 20.5 in), each wing 69 × 22 cm (27.2 × 8.7 in)). It was acquired from the Reimer Collection in Berlin in 1843. Possibly commissioned by Sigismund I of Poland.
​
The outer parts of the wings were painted en grisaille with effigies of Saints Christopher and Sebastian, which may indicate the donor, his patron saints, however among recipients of the Order of the Golden Fleece between 1451 and 1531 there were no Sebastian and only one Christopher - Christopher, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg (1453-1527). Although the latter was portraited in the similar headdress (crinale), he was not a king to depict himself as one of the Magi, and his facial features are completely different. Also other garments are very close to those from the known effigies of the Polish monarch - eg. Communion of Sigismund I, a leaf from the Prayer Book of Sigismund I the Old by Stanisław Samostrzelnik from 1524 in the British Library. The king of Poland was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1519 at the age of 52.

The sources on artistic contacts of the Polish court at that time with the Netherlands are very scarce. Among commissions confirmed in preserved inventories and accounts the are the following.

In 1526 queen Bona Sforza commissioned in Antwerp through Seweryn Boner, 16 tapestries "de lana cum figuris et imaginibus" of 200 flemish square inches in its entity. They were transported to Kraków via Frankfurt upon Main, Nuremberg and Wrocław.

In 1533 king Sigismund I commissioned through Boner and Mauritius Hernyck in Antwerp 60 tapestries with coat of arms od Poland, Lithuania and Duchy of Milan among which 20 bigger with green and blue background, 26 tapestries without coat of arms and 6 tapestries with figural scenes. The commission cost was 1170 florins and tapestries were transported to Kraków via Nuremberg, Leipzig and Wrocław.

In 1536 the king acquired 7 paintings in Flanders to adorn the apartments of prince Sigismund Augustus at the Wawel castle for 35 florins ("pro septem imaginibus Flandrensibus pictis").

The subtle marble bust of Queen Barbara Zapolya from Olesko Castle in the style of Netherlandish renaissance was probably part of a larger commission made by Sigismund I around 1520.

​oil on panel, ca. 1535, 33.6 × 25.2 cm (13.2 × 9.9 in), inventory number Wil.1591, Museum of King John III's Palace at Wilanów

​The painting represents one of several versions of ''Madonna of the Cherries'' created by Giovanni Pietro Rizzoli, called Giampietrino in about 1508-1510 when he was working alongside Leonardo da Vinci. The Giampietrino's painting is possibly a reproduction of a Madonna painted by Leonardo for Francis I of France. The latter work was probably a painting that influenced Joos van Cleve who was frequently employed by French court. The painting by Giampietrino from doctor Karl Lanz's collection is a direct link to the lost da Vinci's original. The composition enjoyed great success in the early decades of the 16th century and some twenty three versions attributed to Joos van Cleve's workshop have been identified. 
​
Similar painting is in the Arnold and Seena Davis Collection. The work was acquired by Stanisław Kostka Potocki for his collection in the Wilanów Palace in Warsaw.

In 1622 Constance of Austria, Queen consort of Poland, sent a gift to sons of her younger sister Duchess of Tuscany. The sons of Maria Maddalena of Austria were presented with a set of colourful costumes - żupan dress, delia coat and other necessary utensils of a Polish noble, including pernach mace and zygmuntówka sabre, among others. Their new exotic attires were captured in a series of portraits by Justus Sustermans, at least one of which was sent to Warsaw in gratitude to Queen of Poland.

The portrait in the collection of Flint Institute of Arts (inventory no. 1965.15) depicting Maria Maddalena of Austria with her son Ferdinand in Polish costume is an exact copy of a painting preserved in the Uffizi in Florance (inventory no. 1890, 2246). It was by most accounts in the possession of the Polish Vasas and was transferred by John II Casimir Vasa to France after his abdication in 1668.

Portrait of Maria Maddalena of Austria, Duchess of Tuscany with her son Ferdinando in Polish costume by Justus Sustermans, 1622, Flint Institute of Arts.

Portrait of Leopoldo de' Medici in Polish costume with a pernach mace by Justus Sustermans, 1622, Uffizi Gallery.

Equestrian portrait of Ferdinando de' Medici in Polish costume with a sabre by Justus Sustermans, ca. 1622, Konopiště Castle.

​Portrait of dwarf in Polish costume holding a pernach mace and a dog by Anonymous from Florence, 1620s, Uffizi Gallery. Its possible that the dwarf or his costume was a gift from Constance of Austria to her sister Duchess of Tuscany. Identification by Marcin Latka (Artinpl). 

See more pictures of Polish noble costume on Pinterest - Artinpl and Artinplhub

On the occasion of 150th anniversary of Olga Boznańska's birth on 15 April 2015, the National Museum in Krakow and the National Museum in Warsaw organized and exhibition devoted to her work and life.

Olga Boznańska is considered as one of the most distinguished painters of the Young Poland movement, active in Munich and Paris. She was born in 1865 in Kraków and died in 1940 in Paris. Her artistic formation was influenced by sophisticated art of James McNeill Whistler, and artists placed on the border between realism and impressionism, Edouard Manet and Wilhelm Leibl. During the Munich period she created large, full-length portraits inspired by Velázquez.

The subject-based arrangement of the exhibition include portraiture, images of children, motherhood, urban landscapes, atelier interiors and still-life. It was supplemented with works by artist who influenced and inspired her.

See also: Olga Boznańska - From a walk or A lady in white dress